Contributed by – Healthians Team
What is a Chikungunya PCR test?
The Chikungunya PCR test is the primary laboratory test used to amplify and detect the Chikungunya virus RNA. This test can detect the virus quicker than any other similar test. During the first week of illness, chikungunya viral RNA can be identified in serum. Hence this test cannot be used later on since this RNA is not detectable after a week.
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a mosquito-borne viral disease. It is transmitted by the bites of infected female mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes. These mosquitoes transmit dengue and zika as well. The disease primarily occurs in India, Africa, and Asia.
Who should get a Chikungunya PCR test?
Your doctor may advise a Chikungunya PCR test if you meet the clinical manifestations of high fever, joint pain, headache, myalgia (pain in the muscles), conjunctivitis, maculopapular rash, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Returning travelers from a region with known virus transmission should also consider taking this test if they show symptoms of chikungunya.
The disease shares some clinical signs with dengue and malaria and can be misdiagnosed in areas where they are common. A chikungunya PCR test is advised in such cases as well for fast and accurate laboratory diagnosis.
Why is the Chikungunya PCR test needed?
Chikungunya is a serious global threat. The virus replicates very aggressively and is easily transmitted to humans. It has the potential to grow into an epidemic if not contained and is therefore early detection is essential to prevent a major outbreak. The disease requires to be treated quickly because it can cause damage to multiple joints in later stages.
What does a Chikungunya PCR test result mean?
If the test results for the presence of the virus come back positive, then treatment must be started for the symptoms exhibited.
If the test results for the presence of the Chikungunya virus come back negative, then further investigations must be administered to diagnose the cause of the symptoms being experienced.
How is the Chikungunya PCR test done?
The Chikungunya test is a simple blood test. The serum specimen is collected from patients during the acute phase of infection and sent for clinical investigation.
There aren’t many precautions you need to take before the test. You may be asked to refrain from eating or drinking for up to eight hours before the test is administered.
Before the test is conducted, it is advisable to inform your doctor about any supplements or prescription medications that you are consuming.
