Diabetes has become common in India. You would probably know that 1 in 3 adults have it. But are you aware that even children can have diabetes? Yes, you read that right.
With World Diabetes Day spotlighting the importance of diabetes awareness and prevention, it is important to understand how diabetes is impacting younger generations.
In children, diabetes can present health challenges affecting their physical growth, academic performance, and overall quality of life.
This article explores the prevalence of diabetes in children, delving into risk factors, prevention tips, and the steps needed to cultivate a healthier future for our youth.
Understanding Diabetes in Children
There are two main types of diabetes affecting children: Type 1 and Type 2.
Type 1 Diabetes:
Also known as juvenile diabetes, Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This type is not preventable and generally requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in children and young adults, though it can occur at any age.
Type 2 Diabetes:
Once rare in children, Type 2 diabetes is now on the rise due to increasing rates of childhood obesity and inactivity. Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it. Unlike Type 1, Type 2 diabetes is largely preventable with lifestyle changes.
How Common is Diabetes in Children?
India has the second-highest number of children with Type 1 diabetes in the world. According to the International Diabetes Federation, around 128,500 Indian children and adolescents under the age of 20 are living with Type 1 diabetes, a number that is expected to increase. While Type 1 remains the most common form of diabetes in children, the rise of Type 2 diabetes among youth is troubling. Data shows that Type 2 diabetes is now being diagnosed in Indian children as young as ten, a trend driven largely by urbanisation, dietary changes, and reduced physical activity.
The National Institute of Nutrition, India, has highlighted that childhood obesity—a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes—is also on the rise, particularly in metropolitan areas. According to a recent survey, 14% of urban school children in India are now considered overweight or obese. With the combination of rising childhood obesity and changing diets, the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in young people is likely to continue growing unless significant lifestyle interventions are made.
Key Risk Factors for Diabetes in Children
Type 1 Diabetes is largely genetic, with risks increasing if a parent or sibling has the condition. Additionally, environmental factors like viral infections are thought to trigger the autoimmune response leading to Type 1 diabetes, though the exact cause remains unclear.
Type 2 Diabetes, however, is associated with various lifestyle and environmental factors including obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and family history.
Symptoms of Diabetes in Children
It all starts with identifying the symptoms. Common symptoms of diabetes in children include:
- Increased thirst and urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and irritability
- Blurred vision:
How to Prevent Diabetes in Children
While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, there are effective ways to reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes in children. Here are some practical tips:
Encourage Physical Activity:
Regular exercise helps the body use insulin efficiently and maintain a healthy weight. Children should aim for at least 60 minutes of activity per day, which can include anything from sports to active play.
Promote a Balanced Diet:
A diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins is key. Avoiding excessive sugars and processed foods helps maintain a stable blood sugar level. Teaching children to make healthier food choices early on sets the foundation for a lifetime of good habits.
Limit Screen Time:
Excessive screen time is linked to sedentary behaviours and weight gain. Setting screen time limits encourages children to engage in more physical activities.
Ensure Regular Check-ups:
Routine health screenings can help identify early signs of diabetes or other health issues. Blood glucose tests, especially for children with family histories of diabetes, are essential.
Closing thoughts
Diabetes in children is a growing concern, yet with the right approach, many cases can be prevented or managed effectively. Understanding the risk factors and encouraging healthy lifestyle choices from an early age is essential. This World Diabetes Day, let’s strive to spread awareness and do the essential to prevent and manage diabetes.
